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The term "Caryatids" typically refers to the six female figures sculpted as columns, supporting the south porch of the Erechtheion temple on the Acropolis of Athens. While often associated with the Parthenon due to their proximity and similar style, the Caryatids are specifically part of the Erechtheion. These figures, also known as korai, are known for their graceful, draped figures and intricate hairstyles, serving both a functional and aesthetic purpose.
Function as Columns: The six female figures are designed to support the roof of the Erechtheion's south porch, acting as columns.
Distinctive Features: They are known for their elegant drapery, intricate braided hairstyles, and the way they appear to be gracefully bearing the weight of the structure.
Name Origin: The term "Caryatids" is believed to have originated with the Roman writer Vitruvius, although the figures may have been called korai in ancient Greece.
Erechtheion's Significance: The Erechtheion is known for its unique architectural design and its role in housing important religious artifacts and rituals. The Caryatids are six sculpted female figures, known as korai, that serve as supporting columns on the south porch of the Erechtheion temple on the Acropolis in Athens. They are renowned for their beauty and graceful form, acting as both structural elements and decorative sculptures. One Caryatid is currently housed in the British Museum, while the other five are in the Acropolis Museum in Athens. Replicas of the Caryatids are in place on the Erechtheion to protect the originals from further damage due to pollution.
Here's a more detailed look:
The Erechtheion: The Caryatids are a prominent feature of the Erechtheion, a temple on the Acropolis dedicated to both Athena and Poseidon.
Function: The Caryatids replace traditional columns, supporting the roof of the temple's south porch.
Appearance: They are depicted as young women, draped in flowing peplos garments, with intricate hairstyles.
Distinctiveness: Each Caryatid is unique, with subtle variations in pose and facial expression, showcasing the artistry of their creators.
Location: Five of the original Caryatids are in the Acropolis Museum, while the sixth was taken to the British Museum in the early 19th century by Lord Elgin.
Replicas: Replicas of the Caryatids now stand on the Erechtheion, while the originals are displayed in the Acropolis Museum.
Greek Government's Stance: The Greek government continues to advocate for the return of the Caryatid held in the British Museum, as part of a broader effort to repatriate the Parthenon Marbles.
Symbolism: The Caryatids are seen as a symbol of Greek cultural heritage and the ongoing debate surrounding the repatriation of antiquities.

https://www.theacropolismuseum.gr/en/conservation-antiquities/karyatids-erechtheion